Some important terms and their meaning:
- Web server: a system on the internet containg one or more web site
- Web site: A collection of one or more web pages
- Web pages: Single disk file with a single file name
- Home pages: First page in website
- WWW: World Wide Web
- W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
- HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
- URL: Uniform Resource Locator
World Wide Web (WWW):
- The World Wide Web (WWW) is most often called the Web
- The Web is a network of computers all over the world
- All the computers in the Web can communicate with each other.
- All the computers use a communication standard called HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
How does the WWW work?
- Web information is stored in documents called Web pages
- Web pages are text files stored on computers called Web servers
- Computers reading the Web pages are called Web clients
- Web clients view the pages with a program called a Web browser
- Popular browsers are: Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator/Communicator, Safari, Mozilla, Konqueror, and Opera
- Other browsers are: Omniweb, iCab, etc.
How does the browser fetch pages?
- A browser fetches a Web page from a server by sending a request
- A request is a standard HTTP request containing a page address
- A page address looks like this: http://www.someone.com/page.html
- A page address is a kind of URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
How does the browser display pages?
- All Web pages are ordinary text files
- All Web pages contain display instructions
- The browser displays the page by reading these instructions.
- The most common display instructions are called HTML tags
- HTML tags look like this:
- <p>This is a Paragraph</p>
What is an HTML File?
- HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
- An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags
- The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page
- An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension
- .html is preferred
- .htm extensions are used by servers on very old operating systems that can only handle “8+3” names (eight characters, dot, three characters)
- An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor
- Formatted text, such as Microsoft Word’s .doc files, cannot be used in HTML files
HTML Tags
- HTML tags are used to mark up HTML elements
- HTML tags are surrounded by angle brackets, < and >
- Most HTML tags come in pairs, like <b> and </b>
- The tags in a pair are the start tag and the end tag
- The text between the start and end tags is the element content
- The tags act as containers (they contain the element content), and should be properly nested
- HTML tags are not case sensitive; <b> means the same as <B>
- XHTML tags are case sensitive and must be lower case
- To ease the conversion from HTML to XHTML, it is better to use lowercase tags
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